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歐洲農(nóng)機企業(yè)考察紀實-奧地博田(歐洲農(nóng)機制造業(yè)的3點啟示)

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  農(nóng)機大全網(wǎng)(www.digitalhomeuk.com)今天給各位分享歐洲農(nóng)機企業(yè)考察紀實-奧地博田的知識,其中也會對歐洲農(nóng)機制造業(yè)的3點啟示進行解釋,如果能碰巧解決你現(xiàn)在面臨的問題,別忘了關注本站,現(xiàn)在開始吧!

本文導讀目錄:

1、歐洲農(nóng)機企業(yè)考察紀實-奧地博田

2、歐洲農(nóng)機制造業(yè)的3點啟示

3、歐洲農(nóng)機制造業(yè)的3點啟示(英)

4、歐洲農(nóng)機協(xié)會商業(yè)景氣指數(shù)繼續(xù)下降

歐洲農(nóng)機企業(yè)考察紀實-奧地博田

歐洲農(nóng)機企業(yè)考察紀實-奧地博田

從奧地利維哈蒙特牛場出發(fā),在奧地博田中國區(qū)負責人馮雪的帶領下,我們前往下一站商務考察目的地——奧地博田工廠。

大巴車在鄉(xiāng)間小道上蜿蜒飛馳。因為奧地利山地居多,道路大多依丘陵走向盤旋,所以說是蜿蜒;飛馳是說車速的確很快,我覺得吧,司機駕駛技術好是一方面,另一方面大概是因為歐洲長久以來良好的交通秩序,使得每個司機都建立起了一種信任感。在中國,別說沒有中央分隔線的鄉(xiāng)間小道,就是全封閉的高速上,我們開起來都要時刻提防著,保不齊前方突然出現(xiàn)高速倒車的2B。我不知道你的駕校老師怎么教的,反正我上法陪課第一天,海淀駕校的老師就告訴我們“上路后,要把所有交通參與者當成變化多端的傻子”。

扯遠了。繼續(xù)說,我們的“向?qū)А瘪T雪實際上是一位在中國長大的東北女孩,非常活潑熱情。一路上,她興致勃勃地為我們介紹車窗外視線所及的各種關于歐洲農(nóng)業(yè)和農(nóng)機的景象,解答大家的疑問,“農(nóng)機十萬個為什么”都難不倒她。所以當我在看到博田工廠的大牌子前,我對這位歐洲農(nóng)機通的敬仰之情已經(jīng)油然而生啦~

好啦,經(jīng)過了一個小時的蜿蜒飛馳,我們到達了奧地博田的工廠??瓷先ズ芷胀▎?,很普通么?那只是我拍的不好而已,請看下圖,這才是奧地博田的全貌。

OK!參觀開始啦~

博田的員工在食堂吃完午飯后,準備去車間工作,11月份奧地利還是挺冷的,所以他們的工裝挺厚的,同時也很醒目。后面還會提到他們的勞動保護。

朋友來了,好酒好肉招待,這一點全世界都一樣。博田為我們準備了豐富可口的歡迎午餐,因為實在太美味,我專注于享用,沒拍照。也好,就不深夜放毒了!

午餐之余,我去他們的工廠門口轉(zhuǎn)了一圈,不知道他們是不是也叫“收發(fā)室”,進去后看到了他們的監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)真的都是高清啊,還可以放大,還可以270度旋轉(zhuǎn),而且“門衛(wèi)”真的就一直盯著看。圖片中遠景墻面上好多圓形按鈕,門衛(wèi)告訴我是能夠控制全工廠的電力系統(tǒng)。

博田定制的自行車,應該是給員工騎的,質(zhì)量杠杠的,前燈還是車輪發(fā)電機供電的,國內(nèi)企業(yè)也可以學習一下,給員工定制一輛有著自己企業(yè)LOGO的自行車,也是很贊的。

哦。說了這么多,忘了介紹奧地博田了。奧地博田成立于1871年,公司總部位于奧地利,上奧地利州。公司擁有1600名員工,全球擁有三個生產(chǎn)基地和十三家銷售子公司。

博田以耕整地機具和畜牧機械而著稱,目前已發(fā)展成為歐洲農(nóng)機企業(yè)中最具聲譽的制造商之一。

博田的產(chǎn)品非常廣泛,擁有全套的畜牧機械,從牧草的收割、翻曬、集行一直到撿拾和裝載。耕整地機械包括液壓翻轉(zhuǎn)犁,播種機,聯(lián)合作業(yè)整地機等產(chǎn)品。

博田所有的畜牧機械都非常優(yōu)秀,其中撿拾拖車被公認為是世界第一品質(zhì)。上圖就是其產(chǎn)品在全球的銷量占比統(tǒng)計圖,可以看出,博田出口產(chǎn)品占到86%,主要售往德國、法國、瑞士以及其他歐洲國家。當然,博田現(xiàn)在也已經(jīng)進入了中國市場,并在青島落戶。

圖片中手持麥克風的就是博田在中國市場的負責人馮雪。旁邊的奧地利帥哥是我們此行參觀的講解員。

博田的農(nóng)機產(chǎn)品給人最大的感覺是外觀靚麗,結構可靠,焊縫干凈漂亮,正如其四葉草的LOGO帶給人的感受一樣。

看這木箱打的,一絲不茍。從側(cè)面也能反映出人家對于產(chǎn)品的責任感。

實際上,我發(fā)現(xiàn)歐洲人對產(chǎn)品的包裝要求是非常高的,上一站參觀維哈蒙特牧場走時,我們?yōu)椴缓绕【频膱F員買了幾盒牛奶,對方甚至負責到用一個生鮮保溫膽包裝那幾盒牛奶。

而到了晚飯桌上,當這些牛奶流過每一位團員喉嚨時,大家除了感受到牛奶本身的品質(zhì)之外,我想大家可能都會記起主人是如何為我們用心包裝的。

so,給我的啟發(fā)是,包裝很重要,可以保證產(chǎn)品運輸?shù)钠焚|(zhì),同時能夠體現(xiàn)對于產(chǎn)品的用心,但不是過度包裝。

這是整裝待發(fā)的博田產(chǎn)品,這種畜牧機械包括耕整地設備都很占地方的,支楞八翹的,但是為了保證產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量,博田堅持全安裝發(fā)貨,據(jù)了解,歐洲絕大部分農(nóng)機具企業(yè)也都是這么做的。

進入工廠后,本來不允許拍照,但我還是偷偷在機加工車間和裝配車間拍了幾張,涂裝車間是絕對不允許拍照的,所以我也沒辦法讓大家看到更多。

這個帥哥應該是正在為數(shù)控中心編程吧~

這張照片拍攝于焊接車間,可以看出他們對于勞動保護的重視程度。

這說到底,其實是對個人的重視,對生命健康的重視。

就好比在國外,騎自行車摩托車的人都會自覺佩戴頭盔。而在中國,騎摩托車戴頭盔還要依靠交警監(jiān)督,騎自行車的,大部分都不會帶。

我猜想這可能是他們的板材切割和焊接質(zhì)量標準監(jiān)督辦公室。

吊在車間通道上方的凸面鏡,用來觀察路口車輛行人情況,第一次見。

工具擺放整齊,5S管理。

注意觀察,所有的零件盒都是傾斜放的,目的是便于取用。國內(nèi)勇猛機械車間的零件盒就是這樣放的!

裝配車間的工人是可以吸煙的!可以吸煙的~

勁爆的DJ從一臺老夏普收音機中迸發(fā)出來,讓我一度懷疑自己是不是在生產(chǎn)車間里啊。

是的,總裝線的員工就是邊聽著音樂哼著歌,邊裝機器。。。就差沒“吃著火鍋唱著歌了”~國外的工人好爽。

但是,世界第一品質(zhì)的牧草撿拾拖車就是這樣生產(chǎn)出來的。這不是我夸張,歐洲農(nóng)機圈里都承認博田的畜牧機械是非常優(yōu)秀的,尤其是其撿拾拖車,被公認為是世界第一品質(zhì)。

農(nóng)業(yè)機械專業(yè)技術參觀團的團友們看的起勁,聽得認真,前方是博田的立體倉庫。

從這張開始,請大家從照片感受一下這家企業(yè)。

涂裝車間之后的參觀是絕對不允許拍照的,因為這涉及到其核心競爭力的部分,所以我也不能介紹太多。

總體感受是,這家企業(yè)文化是多元的,員工是專業(yè)、高效的。廠房年代雖比較舊,但是布局緊湊合理,各種機械設備性能強大。博田的產(chǎn)品還是那句話:給人最大的感覺是外觀靚麗,結構可靠,焊縫干凈漂亮。

這是我們農(nóng)業(yè)機械專業(yè)技術參觀團一大家的合影~

下面我還將記錄我們在奧地利參觀農(nóng)機經(jīng)銷商、在德國曼海姆參觀約翰迪爾拖拉機工廠以及在漢諾威參觀畜牧展會和牛場的感受,敬請期待。

歐洲農(nóng)機制造業(yè)的3點啟示

歐洲農(nóng)機制造業(yè)的3點啟示

由農(nóng)業(yè)機械雜志社組織的“農(nóng)業(yè)機械專業(yè)技術參觀團”于2016 年11 月初踏上了歐洲的土地,先后走訪參觀了5 家農(nóng)機相關制造工廠、3 家農(nóng)牧場和1 家農(nóng)機經(jīng)銷商,歷經(jīng)14天,橫跨意大利、奧地利、德國和荷蘭4個國家。期間,還參觀了意大利博洛尼亞EIMA農(nóng)機展和德國漢諾威畜牧業(yè)展。

此行,我們了解了世界先進的農(nóng)機產(chǎn)品以及世界農(nóng)機行業(yè)發(fā)展的趨勢,對歐洲農(nóng)機企業(yè)的工廠管理、采購、制造、試驗、檢驗和銷售模式有了具體的認識。同時,我們也在考察中了解到歐洲各地的農(nóng)業(yè)種植和農(nóng)機匹配模式,以及農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀。當然,留給我們印象最深的還是歐洲農(nóng)機制造業(yè)的先進,以及他們對于農(nóng)機產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量一絲不茍的態(tài)度等。

農(nóng)機產(chǎn)品向智能化發(fā)展

歐洲農(nóng)業(yè)十分發(fā)達,盡管總面積與我國國土面積差不多,但卻有著適合耕作的大片良田,其中法國、德國、意大利更是糧食與果蔬出口大國。發(fā)達的農(nóng)業(yè)造就了發(fā)達的農(nóng)機工業(yè),歐洲本土產(chǎn)生了許多著名的農(nóng)機生產(chǎn)企業(yè),比如高端拖拉機制造者芬特、收獲機及畜牧機械企業(yè)克拉斯、耕整地專家雷肯以及格蘭、庫恩等。

在EIMA展會上,這些優(yōu)秀的農(nóng)機企業(yè)悉數(shù)參展。此外,來自全球各地的1900余家展商紛紛亮相,農(nóng)機界的頂尖產(chǎn)品、技術匯聚一堂。

隨著高新技術的應用和計算機及互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術的滲透,各參展廠家廣泛采用液電控制、智能化及自動控制技術,用以提高產(chǎn)品性能、操作方便性、舒適性及安全性等。

比如,CLAAS 新產(chǎn)品TUCANO 560聯(lián)合收割機采用了獨有的切向脫粒系統(tǒng)和殘余谷物分離系統(tǒng),可根據(jù)天氣條件、時間、秸稈質(zhì)量和谷物分離效果自動控制系統(tǒng)參數(shù),達到最優(yōu)的脫粒效果;芬特將自動駕駛系統(tǒng)應用于低功率段的新產(chǎn)品Vario 500 系列,可將操作精度控制在2~20 cm。

注重舒適性則是眾多展品的一致追求。帶有減振功能的懸掛座椅基本成為標準配置,駕駛室空調(diào)、360°全視野以及符合人體工程學的控制面板更是各處可見。動力換擋與無級變速也成為不少拖拉機的可選配置。比如,紐荷蘭T6 拖拉機標配區(qū)間動力換擋變速器,在大功率段標配無級變速器;賽邁55 kW(75hp)中拖,動力換擋可選,且前輪為獨立半橋、獨立懸掛,可適應各種高低不平的地面。

生產(chǎn)制造質(zhì)量控制嚴格

在此次參觀的科勒發(fā)動機工廠、康邁爾傳動工廠、奧地利博田工廠、約翰迪爾曼海姆工廠中,其產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量控制均十分嚴格,這些企業(yè)以質(zhì)量和技術作為品牌核心價值,構建了具有全球競爭力的世界級口碑。

其質(zhì)量控制通過自動化生產(chǎn)線、在線識別以及熟練的工廠工人來保證。

在科勒發(fā)動機工廠,整條總裝線采用大量機械手完成裝配過程中的精密動作,同時機械手還配合激光傳感器對裝配過程進行在線檢測。

例如,發(fā)動機缸蓋和缸體最終結合前,是由一個機械手往缸體上噴涂均勻的密封膠,隨后該機械手換下噴涂裝置,取出激光傳感器,對剛剛噴涂的密封膠進行檢測,看是否噴涂完整且均勻。檢測合格后,機械手才會將缸蓋蓋在缸體上,否則還會補密封膠。

除此之外,該條生產(chǎn)線還具備柔性生產(chǎn)的能力,可以根據(jù)生產(chǎn)需求,及時調(diào)整生產(chǎn)進度。

穩(wěn)定的產(chǎn)業(yè)工人隊伍和培訓機制。對于復雜工序和關鍵工序,這些工廠大多擁有專業(yè)、穩(wěn)定的操作者,并進行專業(yè)的培訓。

比如,為凱斯紐荷蘭、克羅尼及克拉斯等農(nóng)機主機配套傳動系統(tǒng)的康邁爾公司,工廠工人在入職之前,要進行相關理論知識的學習,之后還有崗前培訓和流水線實踐,培訓項目接近50個,總培訓時長超過5 0 00 h。

因此,國際級零部件制造企業(yè)在下述幾個方面形成了核心競爭力:

第一,領先的研發(fā)能力。依托國際化行業(yè)地位,建立了基于最終用戶需求的全球化工況數(shù)據(jù)庫,從而實現(xiàn)了國際領先技術的儲備。

第二,先進的試制、測試和實驗能力。通過歷史積累和持續(xù)的研發(fā)投入,具備推動或參與主機企業(yè)產(chǎn)品升級的開發(fā)能力。

第三,持續(xù)發(fā)展的精益制造管理。廣泛在制造環(huán)節(jié)應用人機工程、看板管理、精益物流、預防性工藝、自動化生產(chǎn)、在線監(jiān)測等手段,保證了產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量一致性,實現(xiàn)了柔性制造和模塊生產(chǎn)的充分結合。

第四,穩(wěn)定的產(chǎn)業(yè)工人隊伍。復雜工序和關鍵工序擁有專業(yè)、穩(wěn)定的操作者。

第五,合規(guī)、高效的企業(yè)管理。合規(guī)、誠信、標準化、統(tǒng)一的流程,構建了引導企業(yè)發(fā)展的獨特文化。

互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+的應用廣泛

在參觀過程中,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+已經(jīng)在歐洲普遍應用。主要體現(xiàn)在以下三點。

一是工廠數(shù)字化。如機加工設備的總線數(shù)據(jù)采集、全程可追溯。所有出廠零部件均標有二維碼,可以掃碼識別;所有配件會有4位數(shù)的數(shù)字編碼。這樣,從產(chǎn)品最初的狀態(tài),直到出廠,其零部件均全程可追溯。如果零件出現(xiàn)了問題只需輸入編號就知道發(fā)貨時間及地點,對于批量故障可提前預警并召回。

二是產(chǎn)品數(shù)字化。如迪爾的拼裝設計,機器運行參數(shù)回傳和分析,控制機具和作業(yè)方式。產(chǎn)品數(shù)字化在歐洲發(fā)展得非???。在2013—2014年考察歐洲時,機器參數(shù)回傳還僅限于一些很簡單的運用,而本次考察,歐洲的產(chǎn)品發(fā)展已經(jīng)非常高級了。參數(shù)回傳不再僅限于約翰迪爾等幾家大企業(yè)有應用,其他企業(yè)和不同產(chǎn)品應用的也非常多,包括土壤在線檢測、產(chǎn)量圖譜采集,以及農(nóng)機具的自動化控制等。

三是使用數(shù)字化。如訂單定制化產(chǎn)品,產(chǎn)品獲取周邊信息等,也就是精準農(nóng)業(yè)。

用戶購買的時候就已經(jīng)知道工廠生產(chǎn)的準確時間以及所需選擇的配件;使用過程中,農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境的周邊信息也達到了可收集的階段,比如電子遙感系統(tǒng)和電子調(diào)度系統(tǒng),也就是現(xiàn)在的精準農(nóng)業(yè),歐洲的應用都已經(jīng)很普遍。

歐洲農(nóng)機制造業(yè)的3點啟示(英)

歐洲農(nóng)機制造業(yè)的3點啟示(英)

Three Implications for Europe’s Agricultural Machinery Manufacturing Industry

“Agricultural Machinery Professional Technology Visiting Mission” organized by the Agricultural Machinery Magazineset foot on the land of Europeat early November 2016, and then paid a visit to 5 agricultural machinery-related manufacturing plants, 3 farms andranches and 1 agricultural machinery dealer in 14 days across four countries including Italy, Austria, Germany and the Netherlands.During the period, the mission also paid a visit to the EIMA in Bologna, Italy and animal husbandry exhibition in Hannover, Germany.

During the visit to Europe, we understood the world’s advanced agricultural machinery products and the development trend of the agricultural machinery industry in the world, enabling us to have a concrete understanding of European agricultural machinery enterprises in terms of factory management, procurement, manufacturing, testing, inspection and sales mode.Meanwhile, we also learned the matched pattern for agricultural planting and agricultural machinery in different European countries as well as the agricultural development situationduring investigation. It goes without saying that we are most deeply impressed by the advanced agricultural machinery manufacturing industry in Europe as well as their meticulous attitude towards the quality of agricultural products.

Agricultural machinery products tend to intelligent development

Agriculture is well developed in Europe. As we know, Europe has a total area similar to China’s land area, but it has large stretches of fertile land suitable for farming, and France, Germany and Italy are even known as big exporters in grain and fruits and vegetables.The developed agriculture contributes to a developed agricultural machinery industry, and a number of well-known agricultural machinery manufacturers have emerged in Europe, such as the high-end tractor manufacturer Fendt, harvester and stockbreeding machinery manufacturer CLAAS, soil cultivation and preparationspecialistLemken, Kverneland and Kuhn, etc.

These outstanding agricultural enterprises attended the EIMA. In addition, the EIMA attracted more than 1900 exhibitors all over the world, gathering tops products and technologies of the agricultural machinery industry.

With the application of high and new technology and the penetration of computer and Internet technology, exhibitors widely used hydraulic control, intelligent and automatic control technology to improve product performance, operation convenience, comfort and safety.

For example, CLAAS’s new product TUCANO 560 combine harvester adopts the unique tangential threshing system and residual grain separation system, so that it can achieve the optimal threshing effect according to the parameters of the automatic control system such as weather conditions, time, straw quality and grain separation effect;Fendtapplies the autopilot system to the new product Vario 500 series in the low power section, so that the operating accuracy can be controlled within 2-20 cm.

At the exhibition, it is the consistent pursuit of many exhibits to pay attention to comfort. As a result, the suspension seat with cushioningbecomes a standard configuration, and cab with air conditioning, 360 ° total field of view and ergonomic control panel are prevailing.Power shift and stepless speed change have become an optional configuration for many tractors.For example, the standard configuration of the New Holland T6 tractor istheintervalpower shift transmissionwhile that is the stepless transmission in the large power section; as for Zymark’s 55kW (75hp) medium-sized tractor, the power shift is optional, and the front wheel is independent half-bridge and independentsuspension, which can adapt to the uneven ground.

Strict quality control in manufacturing

During the visit to Kohler engine plant, Comer transmission plant, Poettinger plant and John Deere plant in Mannheim, the product quality control is very strict, and these enterprises win the world-class reputation with global competitiveness with quality and technology as the core value of their brand.

Its quality control is guaranteed by the automated production lines, online identification and skilled factory workers.

In Kohler engine plant, the entire assembly line uses a large number of robots to complete the precision operation in the assembly process, while the robotswill coordinate with the laser sensors for online detection of the assembly process.

For example, a robot will spray uniform sealant on the cylinder body before the final combination of the engine cylinder head and the cylinder body. Later, the robot will take out the laser sensor to replace the spray device to detect the sealant that has been just sprayed to check if it is sprayed completely and uniformly.After passing the test, the robot will cover the cylinder head on the body, or it will continue to spray the sealant.

In addition to this, the entire production line has the ability of flexible production, so that it can timely adjust the production schedule according to production needs.

Stable industrial worker team and training mechanism. For complex, most of these plants have professional, stable operating personnel and will provide them with professional training for complex and key processes.

TakeComer for example, that provides supporting transmission system for the main engine of Case New Holland, Krohne, Claas and other agricultural machinery, factory workers are required to study relevant theory knowledge before entry and later take part in pre-job training and assembly line practice, with a total of nearly 50 training items for more than 5000h.

Therefore, the world-class parts manufacturers have constructed the core competitiveness in the following aspects:

First, the cutting-edge R&D ability. Relying on the international industry status, they have set up the global working condition database based on end user needs, so as to achieve the reserve of international leading technology.

Second, the advanced trial-manufacturing, testing and experimental ability. They possess the development capability to promote or participate in main engine enterprises’ product upgrading.

Third, the sustainablelean manufacturing management. Ergonomics, board management, lean logistics, preventive technology, automated production, online monitoring and other means are widely used in the manufacturing link to ensure product quality uniformity and achieve the full integration of flexible manufacturing and modular production.

Fourth, the stable industrial worker team. Complex and key processes are equipped with professional, stable operating personnel.

Fifth, the compliant and efficient enterprise management. The compliant, honest, standardized and uniform process shapes the unique culture to lead theenterprise development.

Extensive use of Internet+

During the visit, we found that Internet+ has been widely used in Europe, mainly manifested in the following three aspects.

First, the factory digitization. For example, the machining equipment bus data collection and the whole course are traceable. All factory parts are marked with two-dimensional code, which can be identified by scanning the code; all accessories will have a 4-digit digital coding. In this case, the parts are traceable from the initial state of the product until leaving the factory.If there is a problem with the parts, you can know the delivery time and location by entering the coding only, and the parts can receive early warning and be recalled in case of batch failure.

Second, the product digitization. Such as Deere’s assembly design, return and analysis of machine operation parameters, control machines and tools and mode of operation.Product digitization has developed very fast in Europe. During our visit to Europe during 2013-2014, machine parameter return was limited to some very simple applications, but it has been well developed in the products in Europe during this visit.Parameter return is not only applied by John Deere and other large enterprises, but is widely used in other enterprises and different products, including soil online detection, yield map collectionand automatic control of agricultural machinery, etc.

Third, the use digitization. Such as customized products by order, access to peripheral information through the products and so on, that is, the precise agriculture.

Users will be aware of the exact time of factory production and accessories they need when they purchase. In the using process, the surrounding information can also be collected, such as electronic remote sensing system and electronic scheduling system, known astoday’spreciseagriculture, which has been widely used in Europe.

歐洲農(nóng)機協(xié)會商業(yè)景氣指數(shù)繼續(xù)下降

歐洲農(nóng)機協(xié)會商業(yè)景氣指數(shù)繼續(xù)下降

歐洲農(nóng)業(yè)機械協(xié)會CEMA商業(yè)晴雨表是對歐洲農(nóng)業(yè)機械行業(yè)的月度調(diào)查,涵蓋所有主要產(chǎn)品類別。歐洲農(nóng)業(yè)機械行業(yè)總體景氣指數(shù)雖降至疫情后的最低水平,但仍處于平衡狀態(tài)。6月,該指數(shù)從11點降至1點。

最新調(diào)查結果顯示,在供應方面有所緩解之后,市場方面的不確定性正在增加,信心水平也相應下降,行業(yè)代表進一步下調(diào)了對未來的預期。

最新數(shù)據(jù)顯示,圍繞拖拉機的信心指數(shù)降至負值,而畜牧和收獲機械的信心指數(shù)仍為正值。受訪者表示,對法國和德國等一些較大市場的2023年前景樂觀,但對意大利和波蘭等其他市場缺乏信心。

就整個2023年而言,調(diào)查參與者仍預計其公司的平均營業(yè)額將略有增長,原因之一是由于制造商積壓訂單減少,年初的營業(yè)額很高。

約29%的受訪者認為他們目前的業(yè)務狀況不利或非常不利,而39%的人認為對現(xiàn)狀滿意,32%的人認為情況較好或非常好。約29%的企業(yè)預計未來6個月的收入將下降,27%的企業(yè)預計收入將增長。

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